Caribre fibre, izwi nkumwami wibikoresho bishya mu kinyejana cya 21, ni isaro ryiza mubikoresho.Fibre ya karubone (CF) ni ubwoko bwa fibre organic idafite fibre irenga 90%.Fibre organique (viscose ishingiye, ikibanza gishingiye, fibre ishingiye kuri polyacrylonitrile, nibindi) ni pyrolyzed na karubone mubushyuhe bwinshi kugirango bibe umugongo wa karubone.
Nkibisekuru bishya bya fibre ishimangiwe, fibre karubone ifite ibikoresho byiza bya mashini na chimique.Ntabwo ifite gusa ibiranga ibikoresho bya karubone gusa, ahubwo ifite ubworoherane nuburyo bukoreshwa bwimyenda.Kubwibyo, ikoreshwa cyane mubirere, ibikoresho byingufu, ubwikorezi, siporo nimyidagaduro
Uburemere bworoshye: nkibikoresho bishya byingirakamaro hamwe nibikorwa byiza, ubwinshi bwa fibre karubone burasa nubwa magnesium na beryllium, munsi ya 1/4 cyibyuma.Gukoresha fibre karubone nkibikoresho byubaka birashobora kugabanya uburemere bwimiterere 30% - 40%.
Imbaraga nyinshi hamwe na modulus ndende: imbaraga zihariye za fibre karubone iruta inshuro 5 kurenza icyuma ninshuro 4 kurenza iyitwa aluminium;Modulus yihariye ninshuro 1.3-12.3 yibindi bikoresho byubaka.
Coefficient ntoya yo kwaguka: coefficente yo kwagura ubushyuhe bwa fibre nyinshi ya karubone ni mbi mubushyuhe bwicyumba, 0 kuri 200-400 ℃, na 1.5 gusa kuri munsi ya 1000 ℃ × 10-6 / K, ntibyoroshye kwaguka no guhindura imikorere kubera akazi kenshi ubushyuhe.
Kurwanya imiti myiza yangiza: fibre karubone ifite karubone nziza cyane, kandi karubone nikimwe mubintu byimiti ihamye, bigatuma imikorere yayo ihamye cyane muri aside na alkali ibidukikije, bishobora gukorwa muburyo bwose bwimiti irwanya ruswa.
Kurwanya umunaniro ukomeye: imiterere ya fibre karubone irahagaze.Nk’uko imibare y’urusobe rwa polymer ibigaragaza, nyuma y’amamiliyoni y’ikizamini cy’umunaniro ukabije, igipimo cyo kugumana imbaraga za compteur kiracyari 60%, mu gihe icyuma ari 40%, aluminium ni 30%, naho plastiki y’ibirahure ikomeza ni 20 gusa. % - 25%.
Carbone fibre compteur ni ugukomeza imbaraga za fibre.Nubwo fibre ya karubone ishobora gukoreshwa yonyine kandi igakina imikorere yihariye, ni ibintu byoroshye nyuma ya byose.Gusa iyo ihujwe nibikoresho bya matrix kugirango ikore karuboni fibre ikomatanya irashobora gutanga umukino mwiza mumikorere yubukanishi no gutwara imitwaro myinshi.
Fibre fibre irashobora gushyirwa mubice ukurikije ibipimo bitandukanye nkubwoko bwabanjirije, uburyo bwo gukora nibikorwa
Ukurikije ubwoko bwabanjirije: polyacrylonitrile (Pan) ishingiye, ikibuga gishingiye (isotropic, mesophase);Viscose base (base ya selile, base ya rayon).Muri byo, polyacrylonitrile (Pan) ishingiye kuri fibre ya karubone ifata umwanya wingenzi, kandi umusaruro wayo urenga 90% bya fibre karubone yose, mugihe fibre ya karubone ishingiye kuri karuboni iri munsi ya 1%.
Ukurikije uburyo bwo gukora nuburyo bukoreshwa: fibre karubone (800-1600 ℃), fibre ya grafite (2000-3000 ℃), fibre ya karubone ikora, imyuka ikura karuboni.
Ukurikije imiterere yubukanishi, irashobora kugabanwa mubwoko rusange nubwoko bukora cyane: imbaraga zubwoko rusange bwa karuboni fibre igera kuri 1000MPa, naho modulus igera kuri 100GPa;Ubwoko bwo gukora cyane bushobora kugabanywa muburyo bukomeye (imbaraga 2000mPa, modulus 250gpa) hamwe na moderi yo hejuru (modulus 300gpa cyangwa irenga), muribwo imbaraga zirenga 4000mpa nazo zitwa ultra-high strength type, kandi modulus irenga 450gpa ni bita ultra-high model.
Ukurikije ubunini bwikururwa, irashobora kugabanwa gukururwa no gukurura nini: fibre ntoya ya karubone fibre ni 1K, 3K na 6K mugice cyambere, hanyuma igenda ikura buhoro buhoro muri 12K na 24K, ikoreshwa cyane cyane mukirere, siporo n'imyidagaduro.Fibre ya karubone iri hejuru ya 48K mubisanzwe yitwa fibre nini ya karubone, harimo 48K, 60K, 80K, nibindi, bikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byinganda.
Imbaraga zingirakamaro hamwe na modulus ya tensile nibintu bibiri byingenzi kugirango dusuzume imiterere ya fibre fibre.Hashingiwe kuri ibi, Ubushinwa bwashyize ahagaragara urwego rw’igihugu rwa fibre karuboni ya PAN (GB / t26752-2011) mu mwaka wa 2011. Muri icyo gihe, kubera ko Toray ifite umwanya wa mbere mu nganda za fibre fibre ku isi, inganda nyinshi zo mu gihugu nazo zikurikiza amahame ya Toray. Nka.
1.2 inzitizi ndende zizana agaciro kiyongereye.Kunoza inzira no kumenya umusaruro mwinshi birashobora kugabanya cyane ibiciro no kongera imikorere
1.2.1 inzitizi ya tekinike yinganda ni ndende, umusaruro wibanze niwo shingiro, na karuboni na okiside ni urufunguzo
Igikorwa cyo gukora fibre ya karubone iragoye, isaba ibikoresho nubuhanga buhanitse.Igenzura ryukuri, ubushyuhe nigihe cya buri gahuza bizagira ingaruka cyane kumiterere yibicuruzwa byanyuma.Polyacrylonitrile fibre ya karubone yahindutse ikoreshwa cyane kandi isohora fibre nyinshi ya karubone muri iki gihe bitewe nuburyo bworoshye bwo gutegura, igiciro gito cyo gukora no kujugunya imyanda itatu.Ibikoresho by'ibanze byingenzi bishobora gukorwa mu mavuta ya peteroli, kandi uruganda rwa PAN karuboni fibre ikubiyemo inzira yuzuye yo gukora kuva ingufu zambere kugeza gukoreshwa.
Propane imaze gutegurwa ivuye mu mavuta ya peteroli, propylene yabonetse hakoreshejwe catalitike ya catalitiki dehydrogenation (PDH) ya propane;
Acrylonitrile yabonetse hakoreshejwe ammoxidation ya propylene.Polyacrylonitrile (Pan) ibanziriza yabonetse hakoreshejwe polymerisation no kuzunguruka acrylonitrile;
Polyacrylonitrile ibanziriza okiside, karuboni mu bushyuhe buke kandi bwo hejuru kugirango ibone fibre karubone, ishobora gukorwa mu mwenda wa karubone na fibre fibre mbere yo gukora fibre fibre;
Fibre ya karubone ihujwe na resin, ceramics nibindi bikoresho kugirango ibe fibre fibre.Hanyuma, ibicuruzwa byanyuma kubikorwa byo hasi biboneka muburyo butandukanye bwo kubumba;
Ubwiza nibikorwa byurwego rwibanze byerekana neza imikorere yanyuma ya fibre karubone.Kubwibyo, kuzamura ireme ryumuti wo kuzunguruka no guhitamo ibintu byabanjirije guhinduka bihinduka ingingo zingenzi zo gutegura fibre nziza ya karubone.
Dukurikije “Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku musaruro wa polyacrylonitrile ishingiye kuri karuboni fibre precursor”, uburyo bwo kuzunguruka burimo ibyiciro bitatu: kuzunguruka bitose, kuzunguruka byumye no kuzunguruka byumye.Kugeza ubu, kuzunguruka no gutonyanga byumye bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora polyacrylonitrile preursor mu gihugu ndetse no hanze yacyo, muri byo kuzunguruka bitose ni byo bikoreshwa cyane.
Kuzunguruka bitose ubanza gusohora igisubizo kizunguruka kiva mu mwobo wa spinneret, kandi igisubizo kizunguruka cyinjira mu bwogero bwa coagulation muburyo buto.Uburyo bwo kuzunguruka bwa polyacrylonitrile igisubizo kizunguruka ni uko hari itandukaniro rinini hagati yubushuhe bwa DMSO mugisubizo cyo kuzunguruka no kwiyuhagira coagulation, kandi hariho kandi intera nini hagati yubushuhe bwamazi mubwogero bwa coagulation hamwe nigisubizo cya polyacrylonitrile.Munsi yimikoranire yibintu bibiri byavuzwe haruguru, amazi atangira gukwirakwira mubyerekezo bibiri, hanyuma amaherezo ahinduka muri filaments binyuze mumashanyarazi menshi, guhererekanya ubushyuhe, kugenda kuringaniza ibice nibindi bikorwa.
Mu musaruro wa precursor, umubare usigaye wa DMSO, ingano ya fibre, imbaraga za monofilament, modulus, kuramba, ibirimo amavuta hamwe no kugabanuka kwamazi abira biba ibintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka kumiterere yabanjirije.Dufashe urugero rusigaye rwa DMSO nkurugero, rufite ingaruka kumiterere igaragara ya preursor, cross-section leta na CV agaciro k'ibicuruzwa bya fibre ya nyuma.Hasi umubare usigaye wa DMSO, niko imikorere yibicuruzwa iba myinshi.Mu musaruro, DMSO ikurwaho cyane cyane no gukaraba, kuburyo rero bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe bwo gukaraba, igihe, ubwinshi bwamazi yumunyu nubunini bwo gukaraba biba umurongo wingenzi.
Indangagaciro nziza ya polyacrylonitrile ibanziriza igomba kuba ifite ibintu bikurikira: ubucucike buri hejuru, kristu yo hejuru, imbaraga zikwiye, igice cyambukiranya uruziga, inenge nke zumubiri, ubuso bworoshye hamwe nuburyo bwuzuye bwuruhu.
Kugenzura ubushyuhe bwa karubone na okiside ni urufunguzo.Carbonisation na okiside nintambwe yingenzi mugukora ibicuruzwa bya fibre fibre yanyuma uhereye kubibanziriza.Muri iyi ntambwe, ubunyangamugayo nubunini bwubushyuhe bigomba kugenzurwa neza, bitabaye ibyo, imbaraga zingana zibicuruzwa bya fibre fibre bizagira ingaruka zikomeye, ndetse biganisha no kumeneka insinga
Preoxidation (200-300 ℃): mugikorwa cya preoxidation, preursor ya PAN igenda gahoro gahoro kandi yoroheje ikoresheje impagarara runaka mukirere cya okiside, igakora umubare munini wimpeta zishingiye kumurongo wuzuye, kugirango kugera ku ntego yo guhangana nubushyuhe bwo hejuru.
Carbonisation (ubushyuhe ntarengwa butari munsi ya 1000 ℃): inzira ya karubone igomba gukorwa mukirere cya inert.Mubyiciro byambere bya karubone, urunigi rw'isafuriya ruracika kandi reaction itangirana;Hamwe no kwiyongera kwubushyuhe, reaction yumuriro utangira kurekura umubare munini wa gaze ya molekile ntoya, kandi imiterere ya grafite itangira kuboneka;Iyo ubushyuhe bwiyongereye, ibirimo karubone byiyongereye vuba kandi fibre ya karubone yatangiye gukora.
Igishushanyo (ubushyuhe bwo kuvura hejuru ya 2000 ℃): gushushanya ntabwo ari inzira ikenewe mu gukora fibre fibre, ahubwo ni inzira itabishaka.Niba hateganijwe modulus yo hejuru ya fibre fibre, ibishushanyo birakenewe;Niba imbaraga nyinshi za fibre fibre ziteganijwe, gushushanya ntabwo ari ngombwa.Muburyo bwo gushushanya, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru butuma fibre ikora imiterere ya grafite ya mite yateye imbere, kandi imiterere ihujwe no gushushanya kugirango ibone ibicuruzwa byanyuma.
Inzitizi zikomeye za tekiniki zitanga ibicuruzwa byamanutse byongerewe agaciro, kandi igiciro cyibintu byindege byikubye inshuro 200 ugereranije nubudodo bubisi.Bitewe ningorabahizi nyinshi zo gutegura karubone fibre hamwe nibikorwa bigoye, uko ibicuruzwa byamanutse cyane, niko agaciro kongerewe.By'umwihariko kubintu byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bya karuboni fibre ikoreshwa mu kirere, kubera ko abakiriya bo hasi bafite ibyo basabwa cyane ku kwizerwa no guhagarara neza, igiciro cy’ibicuruzwa nacyo kigaragaza iterambere rya geometrike ugereranije na fibre isanzwe ya karubone.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-22-2021